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Infrared and Raman spectroscopic study of carboxylic acids in heavy water. Effects of hydrophobic chain length on the characteristics of the micelles of octaoxyethylene tetradecyl C14E8, hexadecyl C16E8, and octadecyl C18E8 ethers. A fast pH-switchable and self-healing supramolecular hydrogel carrier for guided, local catheter injection in the infarcted myocardium. Self-healing pH-sensitive cytosine- and guanosine-modified hyaluronic acid hydrogels via hydrogen bonding. Hierarchical formation of supramolecular transient networks in water: a modular injectable delivery system. Spectrophotometric studies of nucleic acid derivatives and related compounds as a function of pH. Synthesis and physicochemical characterization of end-linked poly(ethylene glycol)-co-peptide hydrogels formed by Michael-type addition. Fully synthetic matrices for in vitro culture of primary human intestinal enteroids and endometrial organoids. Synthetic hydrogels for human intestinal organoid generation and colonic wound repair. Low-defect thiol-Michael addition hydrogels as Matrigel substitutes for epithelial organoid derivation. A chemically defined hydrogel for human liver organoid culture. Neural tube morphogenesis in synthetic 3D microenvironments. Mechanically and chemically defined hydrogel matrices for patient-derived colorectal tumor organoid culture. Protein-engineered scaffolds for in vitro 3D culture of primary adult intestinal organoids. Designer matrices for intestinal stem cell and organoid culture. Adaptable hydrogel networks with reversible linkages for tissue engineering. Bioinspired hydrogels for 3D organoid culture. Bioengineering approaches to guide stem cell-based organogenesis. The hope and the hype of organoid research. Cytosystems dynamics in self-organization of tissue architecture. Organogenesis in a dish: modeling development and disease using organoid technologies.
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Modeling development and disease with organoids. Progress and potential in organoid research. As such, these well-defined gels provide promising versatile matrices for fostering elaborate in vitro morphogenesis. These tunable matrices are stress relaxing and thus promote efficient crypt budding in intestinal stem-cell epithelia through increased symmetry breaking and Paneth cell formation dependent on yes-associated protein 1. Here we report a family of synthetic hydrogels that promote extensive organoid morphogenesis through dynamic rearrangements mediated by reversible hydrogen bonding. Chemical or enzymatic degradation schemes can partially alleviate this problem, but due to their irreversibility, long-term applicability is limited. However, the excessive forces caused by tissue expansion in such elastic gels severely restrict organoid growth and morphogenesis. Efforts to replace such ill-defined matrices for organoid culture have largely focused on non-adaptable hydrogels composed of covalently crosslinked hydrophilic macromolecules. Epithelial organoids are most efficiently grown from mouse-tumour-derived, reconstituted extracellular matrix hydrogels, whose poorly defined composition, batch-to-batch variability and immunogenicity limit clinical applications.